Brief Introduction Of Marine Power Equipment

Brief Introduction Of Marine Power Equipment

The ship must be equipped with a complete set of power units and auxiliary equipment that meet the requirements of the specification before it can sail on the water. These power units include ship main power units, auxiliary power units, steam boilers, refrigeration and air conditioning units, compressed air units, marine pumps and piping systems, water generators, and automation systems. This electromechanical power plant is mainly concentrated in the engine room, and the technical department that manages these equipments exclusively is the engine department.

1. The main engine of a ship is the heart of the ship and the most important part of the ship's power equipment. It mainly includes:

(1) Main engine: A common name for an engine capable of generating marine propulsion power includes various pumps, heat exchangers and piping systems serving the main engine. (2) Transmission device

The equipment that transfers the power of the main engine to the propeller not only transmits power, but also reduces speed and reduces vibration. The small boat can also use the transmission equipment to change the direction of rotation of the propeller. The transmission equipment varies slightly according to the type of main engine. Generally speaking, it consists of reducer, clutch, coupling, thrust bearing and ship shaft.

(3) Shafting and propeller

Propeller is the most widely used propeller in marine propellers, most of which are fixed pitch or adjustable pitch propellers. The shafting system of a ship is a device that transmits power from the main engine to the propeller. The main engine of a ship generates thrust by propeller rotation driven by transmission and shafting, which overcomes hull resistance and makes the ship forward or backward.

2. Auxiliary power plant

Ship auxiliary power device, also known as "auxiliary engine", refers to the generator on the ship, which provides power for the ship in normal and emergency situations. Marine power station is composed of engine set, distribution panel and other electromechanical equipment.

(1) Generator set

The original power is mainly provided by diesel engines. Considering the safety, reliability and simple maintenance and management of ships, large ships are equipped with not less than two diesel generators of the same type, and many generators can be generated at the same time according to the need.

In order to save energy, some ships can use the transmission shaft of the main engine to drive the generator to generate electricity (shaft generator) or use the waste heat of the main exhaust gas to generate low-pressure steam to drive the turbine generator to generate electricity.

(2) Distribution panels

It distributes, controls, transports, transforms and converts electricity to ensure the needs of electric drive equipment and the life, lighting, signal and communication of the whole ship.

3. Steam Boiler

Steam boilers are needed on ships with diesel engines as their main engines. They are composed of auxiliary fuel furnaces and exhaust gas boilers, as well as piping systems and equipment for supporting services. Auxiliary fuel boiler is the need to supply some auxiliary steam on board, such as heating oil and lubricating oil, heating, domestic water, kitchen, boiling water, etc., and to meet the needs of some auxiliary steam. In order to save energy, marine exhaust gas boilers use waste heat from diesel exhaust to generate steam, and only use auxiliary oil-fired boilers when berthing.

4. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Devices

Ships install refrigeration devices to refrigerate transport goods, refrigerate a certain amount of food, and improve the living and working conditions of crew and passengers. The task of the air conditioning device is to maintain the climate conditions suitable for people's work and life in the cabin. It includes cooling in summer, dehumidification, heating in winter, humidification and ventilation throughout the year. Its main equipment includes refrigeration compressor, evaporator, condenser, air conditioner and its automatic control components.

5. Compressed Air Device

Generally, the ship is equipped with many air compressors and compressed air cylinders to supply the compressed air needed by the whole ship, such as starting the main and auxiliary diesel engines with compressed air, reversing the main engine, and providing air source for the flute, deck pneumatic machinery and other equipment. Its main equipment includes air compressor, gas storage cylinder, pipe system and safety, control elements, etc.

6. Marine Pumps and Pipeline Systems

In order to pump seawater, fresh water, fuel, lubricating oil and other liquids on board, a certain number and different types of pumps are needed. In general, the main oil pumps and pumps such as bilge pump, fuel and lubricating oil pump, boiler feed pump, cooling pump, ballast pump and sanitary pump must be set up in the engine room. Connected with the pump, the ship has been equipped with pipelines for various purposes, which can be divided into:

(1) Power system

Mainly, auxiliary machine safe and continuous operation service system. There are fuel oil, lubricating oil, sea water, fresh water, steam, compressed air and other pipelines.

(2) Ship system

Management system for ship navigation, ship safety and human life. Such as ballast, bilge water, fire protection, sanitation, ventilation (air conditioning) and domestic water systems.

7. Water-making equipment

Water-making device, also known as water-making machine, is a device that produces steam by heating seawater in vacuum, and then condenses the steam into fresh water.

8. Automation System

With the progress of science and technology and the wide application on ships, the engine room control system is more and more advanced. The long-distance operation and centralized control of ship power plant have greatly improved the working conditions of crew, improved the working efficiency and reduced the maintenance and repair workload. The automation system consisting of remote control, automatic adjustment, monitoring and alarm for main and auxiliary machinery and other mechanical equipment in engine room is an indispensable part of modern ships.