Features Of Ship Lighting System

Features of ship lighting system

1.Normal lighting system (main lighting system)

The ship's normal lighting system, also known as the main lighting system, is distributed in various living and working places inside and outside the ship, providing adequate illumination for all cabins and workplaces.The characteristics of the system are as follows: the lighting bus-bar on the main switchboard supplies power directly to each lighting distribution box, and then the lighting distribution box provides power to the lighting lamps in the adjacent cabin or area.The lighting voltage is generally ac or dc 110 V or 220 V. Different cabins and premises have different lighting requirements; All lighting fixtures are equipped with control switches.

Normal lighting is the main lighting of the whole ship. It is powered by the main generator of the ship. Normal lighting includes:

(1) main lighting of the cabin, such as most of the overhead lights;

(2) local or auxiliary lighting, such as bed lamp, wall lamp, toilet lamp, etc.;

(3) strong lighting for loading and unloading goods;

(4) lighting over half of indoor and outdoor walkways;

(5) the sockets must be provided in each cabin, etc.

Non-essential equipment, such as fans, refrigerators and cabin electric heaters with a quota equal to or less than 0.25 kW, may also be included in normal lighting systems.

2. Emergency lighting system (large emergency lighting)

Emergency lighting is put into operation when the main power grid fails to work. Emergency lighting is supplied by emergency switchboards through emergency lighting distribution boxes. The voltage can be the same as normal lighting and low voltage electricity.

The ship emergency lighting system is mainly distributed in important premises, crew and passenger cabin, deck and passageway.It is used for emergency lighting when the main switchboard is out of power and the main lighting system fails.Its characteristics are as follows: The emergency generator is powered by the emergency switchboard and dedicated lines. For passenger ships, the power supply time of the emergency power supply should be greater than 36 h; for cargo ships, the emergency power supply should generally be greater than 18 h.

The specification clearly stipulates that passenger ships and cargo ships of more than 500 gross tonnage must have an appropriate number of emergency lighting in the following spaces:

(1) important work cabin, such as cockpit (including chart room and radio operation area), fire station, various control rooms, etc.

(2) all kinds of machine premises, such as engine room, rudder engine room, emergency generator room, etc.

(3) passageways, escape ports, stairways and passenger elevators.

(4) light boats, rafts and outboard spaces, as well as light guide guides leading to boats and rafts.

(5) Numerous crew members, passengers may gather in the premises and the living quarters of more than 16 people, especially the exit.

(6) Before and after the main switchboard and emergency switchboard.

(7) Boiler water level indicator.

(8) Firefighter equipment storage space.

(9) To enhance the identification of passengers in emergency situations, the IMO A.752 (18) resolution stipulates that the entire escape route (including turn and fork) of the passenger ship's stairway and exit shall be set at a distance of no more than 0.3 m from the deck. A low-level illumination (LLL) system shall be provided, which can be powered by electric light (incandescent lamp) , LEDs, etc.). Or a photoluminescent indicator. 

(10) In addition to the above requirements for passenger ships carrying ro-ro cargo, additional emergency lighting must be provided at all passenger public places and corridors. This illumination requires that all other power sources fail and maintain for at least 3 hours in all kinds of roll conditions; the illumination provided should be able to illuminate the periphery of the escape facility.

The standard also stipulates that emergency lighting should not be used for normal lighting, and that the local switch should not be set in the emergency lighting circuit except for the outboard lighting of the cab and the lifeboat and the raft. There should be obvious signs on the emergency lighting, or they are different from the general lamps and lanterns in the structural type selection.

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